This process is completed by bonding the powdered material layer by layer with a laser as the heat source. In selective laser sintering, powdered food materials are heated and bonded together forming a solid structure. Food materials such as jelly, frosting, puree, and similar food materials with appropriate viscosity can be printed at room temperature without prior melting. Other food materials do not inherently require a heating element in order to be printed. Foods such as chocolate are used in this technique because of its ability to melt and solidify quickly. This allows the material to be easily manipulated into the desired form or model. The melted material is then extruded from the head and then solidifies soon thereafter. In Hot-melt extrusion, the extrusion head heats the food material slightly above the material's melting point. In addition, long fabrication times and deformations due to temperature fluctuations with additional baking or frying require further research and development to overcome. However, these food materials are usually soft, and as a result, makes printing complex food structures difficult. Comparatively, extrusion based printing provides the user with more material choices. Some printed food requires additional processing such as baking or frying before consumption.Įxtrusion based food printers can be purchased for household use, are typically compact in size, and have a low maintenance cost. As the food is printed, the extrusion head moves along the 3-axis stage printing the desired food. The nozzles can vary with respect to what type of food is being extruded or the desired printing speed (typically the smaller the nozzle the longer the food printing will take). This extrusion head pushes food materials through a nozzle typically by way of compressed air or squeezing. The platform on which food is printed consists of a standard 3-axis stage with a computer controlled extrusion head. Printing techniques Extrusion-based printing Ĭomputer Render of Extrusion Based Printing with Multi-Material printingĪlthough there are different approaches to extrusion based printing, these approaches follow the same basic procedures.
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